The Effect of Covid 19 on Workers Compensation Evidence from GCC Countries

The year 2020 has turned the world upside down with the outbreak of the disease COVID 19. It forced the companies to shift their work focus from office to work from home. Every sector of the economy got affected by the pandemic and a financial crisis was faced by almost every firm. To deal with the financial crisis, many firms have altered their compensation packages. The world of The Middle East is nowhere left behind. The firms of GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries known for their attractive pay packages were forced to make modifications, adjustments, and variations to their compensation. The current paper analyzes various amendments made by firms in the Gulf Countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain to their compensation management system to cope with the challenges of the pandemic. It also highlights the remittances provided by the governments of these countries to tackle the situation. Analysis was done based on secondary data which includes the Gulf Health Council Report, International Labor Organization reports, Mercer Consultant Report, publication of Arab Reform Initiative, OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) publication on MENA countries, and World Bank report (2018). The findings highlighted the turbulence experienced by employees working in gulf, as majority of GCC countries lacked in providing pay protection and job protection. It also describes to what extent the remittances provided by the government in these countries were helpful to the expatriates.

Derecho de postulación en Colombia, apoderados judiciales y terminación del poder en el código general del proceso

Este artículo abarca la configuración conceptual del derecho de postulación en Colombia, detallando la amplitud de sus excepciones, donde legal y constitucionalmente se autoriza la intervención directa. Luego de explicar acciones, hipótesis y controversias motivo de excepción;se muestra el esquema de las modalidades del poder en el Código General del Proceso y las vicisitudes de la presentación personal junto con propuestas al respecto;sin olvidar de otro lado, la normatividad para conferir los poderes bajo la emergencia económica, social y ecológica de la pandemia COVID-19. De esta forma, después de emprender un recorrido analítico, se precisa el alcance teórico y la operatividad de los fenómenos de la revocatoria y renuncia del poder, como motivos para la finalización del mismo, a los cuales se agregan, dentro de esta investigación, la muerte del apoderado y dos clases de inhabilidades bautizadas como inhabilidad sobrevenida e inhabilidad originaria, las cuales no constituyen causal de nulidad procesal. La metodología utilizada tuvo por objeto el análisis de normas proferidas antes y después de la Constitución de 1991, de doctrina y de jurisprudencia en las cuales se observan comentarios, críticas y proposiciones, gracias a la simbiosis entre el derecho procesal y el derecho sustancial. This article covers the theoretical concept of the right to nomination in Colombia detailing its many exceptions where direct intervention is authorized both legally and constitutionally. After having explained the legal actions, various hypothesis, and controversies that, in turn, constitute exceptions, the General Code of Procedures framework and the many vicissitudes of the physical appearance, along with proposals in such regard, are shown without forgetting, on the other hand, the statutes by which powers of attorney are to be produced during the current time (COVID-19). In this sense, after an adequate analysis, the theoretical reach, as well as the mechanism of action of the revocation of the power of attorney and its renunciation (causes for termination) are laid out. Among the latter, the death of the lawyer representing his or her client and two kinds of legal incompetence known as: «sudden incompetence» (fortuitous) and «original incompetence» (by nature), which do not constitute cause for procedural nullity. The methodology by which this article was written had the very intention of analyzing the statutes set forth before and after the 1991 Constitution, and before and after the doctrine (jurists) and case law;statutes in which comments, critics, and propositions are observed due to the existing "symbiosis" between Procedural Law and Positive Law.Alternate :This article covers the theoretical concept of the right to nomination in Colombia detailing its many exceptions where direct intervention is authorized both legally and constitutionally. After having explained the legal actions, various hypothesis, and controversies that, in turn, constitute exceptions, the General Code of Procedures framework and the many vicissitudes of the physical appearance, along with proposals in such regard, are shown without forgetting, on the other hand, the statutes by which powers of attorney are to be produced during the current time (COVID-19). In this sense, after an adequate analysis, the theoretical reach, as well as the mechanism of action of the revocation of the power of attorney and its renunciation (causes for termination) are laid out. Among the latter, the death of the lawyer representing his or her client and two kinds of legal incompetence known as: «sudden incompetence» (fortuitous) and «original incompetence» (by nature), which do not constitute cause for procedural nullity. The methodology by which this article was written had the very intention of analyzing the statutes set forth before and after the 1991 Constitution, and before and after the doctrine (jurists) and case law;statutes in which comments, critics, and propositions are observed due to the existing "symbiosis" betwee Procedural Law and Positive Law.